The reticle of the K-10T is illuminated via a light collecting lens, which receives environmental light from a front-facing lens and magnifies it to project an illuminated image onto the reflector, with which the operator aims. However, it is clear that the system has been revised. Items will be in two locations. It is entirely impossible to communicate with R-130M radios, as those work in a narrow frequency band of1.5-10.99 MHz. This is quite unlike tanks like the T-55, Leopard 1, Abrams, or indeed, any other manually-loaded tank except for a few oddball designs like the M60A2 as the gunner is usually not provided with his own hatch. Anecdotes from people who have sat in the driver's seat have reported that the station is spacious enough to let someone more than six feet tall to operate the pedals with a comfortable allotment of legroom, and it is a notable improvement over earlier Soviet medium tanks. Notes. The normal range of recoil stroke distances is 270mm to 320mm, and the maximum is 340mm with a hard stop. dump scraper, 6 yd., front dolly, tandems across, 11L-15 tires, S/N15648, Soil Mover 300WR scraper, 3 yd., hyd. Within each group, the sectors are divided into the following sets: The ammunition recording set will record one ammunition type in each sector. When attacking infantry in the open or in covered positions such as anti-tank teams (recoilless rifle or ATGM) or machine gun nests, the fuze should left in the "HE-Frag" mode which gives it a nominal delay of 0.027 seconds to ensure that the shell will detonate with a minimal delay upon meeting a solid obstacle such as soft ground like mud and snow to produce a combined high-explosive and fragmentation effect, yet not detonate prematurely on light obstructions in front of the intended target. The T-72 is known as one of the most numerous tanks in the world today, and the tank is likely to remain in some form of serv With contributions by Mike Ennamorato, including this introduction. depth, knock-on points, double spring shank, walking tandems across, front gauge wheels, 4-bar harrow, rear hitch, 9.5L-15 tires, includes NH3 setup that needs repair, S/N821877, Wil-Rich chisel plow, 32', 3-section fold, 2-bar harrow, for parts, Wil-Rich chisel plow, 18', 12" spacing, hyd. However, ammunition carried in loose stowage can be a huge liability in battle as it has been proven to be the main cause of irrecoverable or catastrophic tank losses. I would be much more inclined to think that BM-42 would penetrate the lower hull than the turret. Quite frankly, the second possibility seems rather unlikely since the main issue with early tungsten alloys was the shearing of the threads joining the penetrator to the sabot, not the rod itself disintegrating. One on the right hand side (the left side in the photo) for smaller things, and the central compartment, which is large enough to contain practically anything. In the military world we need much more propaganda-free and objective articles about military equipment. Upon completing it on Normal or higher, the player unlocks the Return achievement. The necking of the chamber allows a projectile to be smoothly guided through during the ramming process, and for this purpose, Soviet 125mm HEAT and APFSDS rounds had protruding knurls or raised lips on the rims of their bodies or sabots in order to ensure that there were no sharp angles that could damage either the round itself or the barrel. The simulation does note the fracture properties of tungsten are approximated,but I think it still shows that a multi layer array would be significantly more effective. The Slovakian study on the modernization of the 2A46 mentions that a 23% improvement in the probability of hit was achieved with the new 2A46MS (YA1) cannon with the remark that the improvements could also be attributed to new fire control system components. Besides a higher amplification factor, one advantage of Gen 2 devices was the absence of image distortion at the edges of the image, which reduced the useful field of view somewhat. Very informative article, but I dont quite agree with your speculation on the performance of BM-42 vs the Abrams NERA arrays. This made it infeasible for enemy forces to utilize indiscriminate or barrage jamming - which was previously possible against the R-113 due to its narrow 20.00-22.375 MHz frequency range - as the range of possible frequencies was too large, and even if it were attempted, indiscriminate jamming would impair their own radio communications. When using this method ofventilation, the supercharger should be turned on, or at least one hatch should be ajar, or the snorkel mount hole in the gunner's hatch should be opened. Medium fragments () weigh between 1-4 grams, and large fragments () weigh more than 4 grams. A tinted filter can be applied by turning a switch. Using the TPD-K1, the gunner checks if the reticle markings are aligned with the notch. Maximizing the width of the lower part of the fighting compartment is considered less important than maximizing the width of the upper part because the legs of the crew occupy less space than their shoulders (average human shoulder width: 450mm, average hip width: 350mm), not to mention that some elbow room is needed for the crew to operate the equipment in their respective stations. The driving bands are made from plastic and help reduce barrel wear, partially counteracting the higher operating pressure of the cartridge. It can also used to blow off rain droplets since the periscope does not have a conventional mechanical windscreen wiper. Do keep in mind that the armour of the M1 (XM1) was specified for protection against a hypothetical 115mm KE threat, and in testing, this threat was represented by the XM579E4 projectile at 1,470 m/s. Gorst states that phlegmatization is only done for small arms and small caliber artillery systems (autocannons), which was true at the time the book was published (1972), but the technology had since then been leveraged for increased performance in APTs-235P and other compounds for high-performance guns and rocket engines. By being able to use the night vision periscope outside of the hatch, the driver has better overall situational awareness without sacrificing his ability to see far ahead of the tank. However, due to some peculiarities of the chamber designs of these two guns, the practical difference in barrel length is much less than 600mm. If the ammunition type read by the system does not correspond to the type chosen by the gunner on his selector dial, the braking and stopping sets are ignored. In this setting, multiple cycles of the handwheel will shift the turret by only a few fractions of a degree, allowing the gunner to conduct extremely fine adjustments to the lay of the gun. These systems provide the ability to run your facility with ease and accuracy. If the player gets 15,000 points or more in the meta game, they will unlock the Reclaimer achievement. The proportions indicate that a T-72 should be able to carry out a silent watch operation for 24 hours or more without fully discharging the batteries (which would induce premature wear). At a lower temperature of 15C, the pressure can be extrapolated to be around 500 MPa, which was the maximum for a round like 3BM9 and close to the maximum for 3BM15 and 3BM22. The heating of the hydraulic fluid is caused during the compression of the buffer which causes the fluid to expand. Alternatively, the PKMT can be fired without electrical power by having the commander push the backup trigger lever on top of the solenoid mechanism. When the tank is driven in regions with a hot climate, ventilation for the crew is supplemented by opening the OPVT intake hole in the engine compartment bulkhead, allowing the engine to draw air from the crew compartment. American made since 1888. This grants him a more comfortable driving experience. This omission was only remedied in the final four years of the Chieftain's service life with the Mk. Propellant in the form of long sticks gives a very uniform burn when ignited with a base primer, because the hollow channels inside and between the sticks permit the flame from the primer to travel the entire length of the charge and thus ignite propellant evenly along the axis of the charge. I've got 18 article drafts, and most of them are half-finished. Sudenga's product list includes portable augers, bulk feed trailers and straight trucks, feed processing and automation systems, bucket elevators, drag conveyors, leg support towers and catwalk, round tube and u For all other T-72 models - electromechanical. This is somewhat less than the length of its closest counterpart, the British 120mm L11A5 gun, which had a barrel length of 6,600mm (L/55). More information on BR-354P is available in Tankograd's PT-76 article. As they allow the driver to see obstacles next to the tank, they are useful when negotiating tight spaces such as a narrow street or when driving through a forest. sales@sudenga.com, Phone: Both types of lights have the same TN-28-10 incandescent light bulb, which operate at up to 28 V and consume 10 W. The dome lights serve as the main and emergency lights, as they are not connected to the power supply network of the tank but are instead wired in a separate circuit with the tank's batteries. The sight has a fixed magnification of 5.5x and a field of view of 6 degrees. For hidden cvars, please see the article discussion section.. Joey Carr is a full-time writer for multiple esports and gaming websites. The thermal imaging system produces a high definition video output (625p) at a refresh rate of 50 Hz, with an image resolution of 754 x 576 px. In the US Army, the AN/VRC-12 tank radio operated in the 30-75.95 MHz frequency range, the British used the VRC 353 with a 30-75.975 MHz frequency range, while German tanks were equipped with the SEM-25 radio station, which had a 20-69 MHz frequency range. Thus, the space previously allocated to the power supply unit was freed up, allowing an additional R-173P receiver to be fitted. The armour in an M1 has thinner sandwiches, corresponding to the type more effective against shaped charges, and is densely packed, which compromises the efficiency of the NERA to get the desired performance out of an armour array constrained in volume. $2.30. The total charge capacity increased to 320-340 Ah. As the propellant burn rate increases, the pressure rises to a point where the soot particles experience a phase transition from a gaseous state to a solid state to form a deposit on the bore surface via a process known as sublimation, whereby they protect the bore surface from heat erosion by forming a protective layer between the surface and the hot gasses. Design Pressur underground gastank with a capacity of 31.000 litres. T-72 tanks produced before 1984 used the 2E28M stabilizer. Due to the need for an electrical connection between the piezeoelectric initiator at the nose of the standoff probe and the detonator at the base of the warhead, a sheet metal contact funnel was installed inside the standoff probe. This hints that "Mango" is probably effective at defeating the spaced NERA armour known to be foundation of the special armour used in the M1 Abrams and Leopard 2 series of main battle tanks. Some commands are legacy commands or are "not hooked up to code". This is a minor improvement over the standard TVN-2 periscope of earlier Soviet medium and heavy tanks from the 1950's to 1960's, and adding on to that, the driver also has depth perception. Two variants of the control box exist. The difference in volumetric efficiency is apparent from observing the fact that the gaps between the projectiles in an AZ autoloader are much larger than the gaps in an MZ autoloader. They can be switched on or off and have sliding lids to adjust the light levels. Typo. LOADOUT: Monday, November 21 Friday, November 25 from 8:00AM-5:00PM. According to GOST standards, the flash point of MGE-10A is 96C, which is typical of other hydraulic oils. If the gun is allowed to move its entire range of motion up to the hard stops, it is possible for the breech housing to slam into the stops when the tank experiences a sudden jolt by going over a bump or falling into a rut. The Z950M and Z950R are powered by an air-cooled, vertical shaft engine: 27-hp (20.1-kW) gas engine. The same system of manual data entry for ballistic corrections is used on the M60A3 and M1 Abrams, as describedin the Master Gunner's Corner of the May-June 1982 issue of ARMOR magazine. Also will all the non-upgraded T-72BS be upgraded to the Mod 2016 level? Mission brief: We need to acquire intel about how Al Qatala is arming its grunts. Besides the ammunition box that comes prepared on the coaxial machine gun mount, there are seven additional boxes stowed in various parts of the fighting compartment in the T-72. The point blank range of 3BM9 against such a target is 1,300-1,400 meters, which is excellent. less top link, 540/1000 PTO, adj. The middle of the frame is supported by the gunner's fixed recoil guard, which is bolted to the turret ceiling. The Carl Gustav M-2 itself has no fire control system that allows air bursting ammunition to be fired accurately. | Includes NiKo's CS:GO keybindings, mouse settings, DPI, crosshair, cfg, video & graphics settings as well as his hardware setup and resolution. Microsofts Activision Blizzard deal is key to the companys mobile gaming efforts. It is located around the focusing cone of the shaped charge warhead. According to the manual, the gun and sights are zeroed by aiming the gun barrel at a landmark at a distance of no less than 1,600 meters and then calibrating the sight until the center chevron aligns with the point of aim of the gun barrel. The "L"-shaped hydraulic booster and the gyro block fit together into a rectangular package that is suspended under the 125mm gun. As the diagram below shows (diagram taken from Tank-Net), only 2% of shots land at a height of one meter from the ground in the 60 degree frontal arc of a tank. Beginning in the mid-70's, the commander's cupola may also have dust shield installed forward of the hatch. What is the source for the side turret and lower hull skirts yielding the same protection? The 2A46M does not have a cutout in the breech housing along the side for a loader's hand. T-72K and T-72AK command tanks, used on the battalion and regimental levels, had an additional R-130M radio receiver to permit long range one-way communication with the regimental or divisional headquarters. Alternatively, the system can be used as an air jet cleaner when washing the periscope with an aerosol spray is undesirable. It is not known if the lining spans the entire length of the chamber and bore or if it was merely applied to the chamber and the throat of the bore, 850-1,100mm from the breech, as that is the zone of maximum bore erosion when firing APFSDS rounds. To ensure that the missile can survive the acceleration forces of a high-velocity launch from a gun barrel, the obturator ring on the missile is not on missile body itself, but on the protective cap that covers the tail section of the missile. He then informs the gunner of the total correction coefficient, who can then enter it into the sight via the ballistic correction dial. This high performance was achieved by a combination of a high yield strength forged steel alloy and a frettage around the chamber of the barrel. As the image on the left below shows, a very large empty volume is left underneath the carousel to allow the cassette raising arm to rotate together with the cabin. It does not look like the commander has much room to lean over and manipulate the rounds in the carousel, and it doesn't look there's much chance to manipulate it while it's held by the autoloader. Whichever sector the contact is laid upon will be energized. Compared to the standard SEM-25 tank radio used in the Bundeswehr which had a transmitting power of up to 15 W, and the AN/VRC-12 tank radio used in the U.S military since 1965 which had a transmission power of 30 W, the power of the R-123 is moderate. The mounting pegs can be seen in any photo of the T-72 driver's hatch. Majors and B.S. Once the engine is started, the air reserve is replenished by a compressor and the batteries are recharged. Normally, only the tank commander uses the radio, while the other two men only listen and respond to orders from the commander via the intercom. The gunner can search for a target, acquire a ballistic solution, lay the reticle on the target and proceed to press and hold the trigger button. It is important to keep in mind that the actual crew space width is slightly less, because there are additional safety guards in both tanks. I have checked everything so far but have not seen anything wrong yet. This system is known as a firing gate. Most night vision periscopes have two eyepieces that are merged into a single objective lens, so the user lacks stereoscopic vision and thus lacks depth perception. The sabot has six grooves to interface with the projectile, the same as on 115mm 3BM6. Removing the filter transforms the IR spotlight into a regular white light spotlight. Where are the pictures of the burn out t72s, the section on the weaknesses versus the strengths of the vehicle etc.? There are no markings for distances below 50 meters, so the gunner must aim entirely using tracers when engaging targets at very short ranges. These tanks had a continuous 2,200-round belt for the coaxial machine gun which would be reloaded using four smaller 925-round boxes stowed in reserve when needed (changed to two 1,250-round boxes and two 625-round boxes in reserve beginning with the M60A1). Moreover, another merit of the R-123 was its modular design that enabled it to be repaired quickly by simply swapping out individual modules rather than working on individual components. With the partial removal of the lining on the T-72B3, the free space is used to install some electronic equipment instead. Ideally, if the driver is someone of average or less-than-average height, he will be able to sit upright, have his head positioned for a reasonable amount of eye relief, and still enjoy good legroom. Sincerely Lumituisku. When used in the delayed HE mode against non-hardened structures like houses, the shell could pass through reinforced concrete, cinder block, adobe or brick walls and explode on the other side. All T-72B tanks are fitted with a set of both an R-173 and R-173P as part of the radio station. As such, there were at least two types of T-72 Ural-1 tanks with major differences. depth, double spring shank, knock-on spike, (2) hyd. Upon completing it on Normal or higher, the player unlocks the Return achievement. Unless he is a contortionist, the driver can only enter or exit through his hatch when the cannon is elevated or if the turret is turned to one side so that the cannon barrel is not directly above it. Previously, tank crews referred to a schedule to record and determine if the buffer and recuperator in the 2A46 required a top up. I am a military historian and former profesional soldier and I have served on the Leopard-2. The upgraded memory storage unit was also improved for better reliability. When taking into account the major differences in the anthropometric data between the conscription age men of the USSR and the enlisted personnel of fighting age in the U.S military, the hatches of the T-72 are of a favourable size. Then, he uses the range ladder scale to lay onto target and fire. For example, the transition from the T-72 Ural to the T-72A was gradual, with many of the changes embodied by the so-called "Ural-1" model that contained a mixture of features from both the T-72 Ural and the T-72A. The mass of each battery is 62 kg for the 6STEN-140M model and 72 kg for the 12ST-85R model, and both are 10 kg less if not filled with electrolyte. Looking at the instrument panel is generally only necessary for tasks that are normally unneeded when the tank is moving, such as when the driver is troubleshooting some issue. UVKV stands for "built alignment control device". in the end, which APFSDS can the older T-72B3 use? The accuracy of stabilization, defined as the maximum amplitude of oscillations of the line of sight, improved to 0.2 mils. The T-72 is known as one of the most numerous tanks in the world today, and the tank is likely to remain in some form of service for the rest of the 21st Century, so before we examine the history of the T-72, let us see how many of these tanks were actually built. The stowage layout for the T-72 Ural is presented in the diagram below (39 rounds in total). In the "Kavkaz 2020" drills a few days ago there was a friendly fire incident, where a Konkurs ATGM fired from a BMP-2 hit a T-90A in the side.You can see photos of the incident herehttps://diana-mihailova.livejournal.com/5450845.htmlThe side fuel tanks detonated, you can see remnants of the burning fuel, but the metal did not burn. There was also the option of installing additional spaced armour for the hull underneath the front part of the hull that extends from the end of the lower glacis to behind the escape hatch behind the driver's seat. After experiences in Chechnya showed the vulnerability of tanks to large IEDs, some T-72BA tanks featured additional driver safety features. The table below shows the effect of phlegmatizing of rifle powder. The system does this automatically and dynamically once it is turned on. Since he must manipulate the top cover of the NSVT and the ammunition boxes, the commander becomes more exposed while reloading, not to mention that he can become too preoccupied to notice threats around him. Is second BK-25 "M" or "B"? Additionally, the supercharger of the ventilation unit can be used while bypassing the filtration system in an auxiliary mode by turning it on manually. fold 10" auger, 7" inlet, cleanup kit, poly & steel flex tube, 1000 PTO, 225/75D15 tires, 51 hrs., S/N88855, Hutchinson C1600 portable grain cleaner, drum screener, 11'x8" load auger, pencil screening auger, electric motor drives, S/N124070, Batco 1335 FLTD belt conveyor, 35'x13", 7-1/2 hp. This as commander of previously mentioned vehicles. The steel "wedge" in front of the tungsten carbide slug is a soft steel armour piercing cap to protect it from shattering at the moment of impact with a steel target. Excellent article. There is also an assortment of accessories that are not directly related to his job, but are placed near him because it was the only available space in the squeezed turret. Indeed, the HEAT setting is actually referred to as the HEAT/MG setting in manuals for this reason, although it is not marked as such on the gunner's controls. Other than serving as a container for propellant, the case also acts as a phlegmatizer (coolant) to reduce bore erosion when it is burnt during firing. Search for used 500 gallon fuel tanks. You can acquire one in a buy station or in an enemy supply cache. Thanks to its compactness, the R-173P was installed just next to the R-173, in the space previously occupied by the power supply unit. I should make a small correction in the article. At a temperature of -54C, the viscosity of FRH is 133,000 cSt. The closest Western analogue is the much more modern.

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