These two economic and cultural aspects are clearly intertwined, but the idea of a foreign power unilaterally crushing a native culture does not seem to be entirely true. What, if anything, has been lost because of this process? Modernization theory was a dominant McDonalds has opened up many culturally specific versions of its chain, all employing its famous Golden Arches. Invention Technological change has a broad impact on culture. Actors such as John Wayne and Marilyn Monroe came to represent aspects of masculinity and femininity that were adopted into mainstream culture during the mid-20th century. Adaptations based on traditional folklore provide a source of popular culture. How does having a larger, more efficient media company help society? In his book Cultural Imperialism, John Tomlinson argues that exported American culture is not necessarily imperialist because it does not push a cultural agenda; it seeks to make money from whatever cultural elements it can throughout the world. On one hand, foreign cultural institutions can adopt successful American business models, and corporations are largely willing to do whatever makes them the most money in a particular marketwhether that means giving local people a shot at making movies, or making multicultural films such as 2008s Slumdog Millionaire. The numbers also feature many different Indian national languages and a hybrid of Western dance music and Indian classical singing, a certain departure from conventional Western media (Corliss, 1996). One-to-many communication: Social media allow for one-to-many communication, meaning that a user can communicate with many people at once. The process of identification is subjective, and "icons" are judged by the extent to which they can be seen as an authentic symbol of that culture. How do local cultures respond to the influence of foreign culture? Analyze the ways that local cultures respond to outside forces. A cultural icon is a person or an artifact that is identified by members of a culture as representative of that culture. Each response should be a minimum of one paragraph. While cultural imperialism might cause resentment in many parts of the world, the idea that local cultures are helpless under the crushing power of American cultural imposition is clearly too simplistic to hold water. American imperialism refers to the expansion of American political, economic, cultural, and media influence beyond the boundaries of the United States.Depending on the commentator, it may include imperialism through outright military conquest; gunboat diplomacy; unequal treaties; subsidization of preferred factions; regime change; or economic penetration through private In what ways has this company undergone the process of McDonaldization throughout its history? The McDonaldization of the globe applies not just to its namesake, McDonalds, with its franchises in seemingly every country, but to any industry that applies the technique of McDonalds on a large scale. As a movement, nationalism tends to promote the interests of a particular nation (as in a group of people), especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining the nation's sovereignty (self-governance) over its homeland to create a nation state.Nationalism holds that each nation Local cultures can respond to outside forces in many ways. Do you think that the current trends will continue, or do you see local cultures reasserting their power? in the form of jokes or urban legends.With the widespread use of the Internet from the 1990s, the distinction between mass Says Fred Schneider, We are old. Some possible websites to research include the following: Now answer the following questions regarding the site that you picked: Bush, President George W. address on terrorism before a joint meeting of Congress, New York Times, September 21, 2001, http://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/21/us/nation-challenged-president-bush-s-address-terrorism-before-joint-meeting.html. Corliss, Richard. What sort of multimedia content does the site use that might relate to its main product? Today, cultural imperialism tends to describe the United States role as a cultural superpower throughout the world. Many people in a society will have different cultures, but we all generally agree on a way to behave in society thats usually based on the dominant culture in that society. In some circumstances, there may be a backlash against what can be seen as a hostile culture. How does the information economy differ from the traditional economy? But were completely hardcore. Applying the concepts of an optimized financial market to cultural and human items such as food, McDonaldization enforces general standards and consistency throughout a global industry. Novelist Chimamanda Adichie tells the story of how she found her authentic cultural voice -- and warns that if we hear only a single story about another person or country, we risk a critical misunderstanding. These four attributesmore than any specific cultural ideasare the primary features of globalized American businesses. http://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/21/us/nation-challenged-president-bush-s-address-terrorism-before-joint-meeting.html, http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,985129,00.html, http://www.nytimes.com/1987/04/29/garden/in-china-beauty-is-a-big-western-nose.html. cultural imperialism, in anthropology, sociology, and ethics, the imposition by one usually politically or economically dominant community of various aspects of its own culture onto another nondominant community. What predictions can you make about its effects in the future? Looking at the world as a whole, Nationalism is an idea and movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the state. How do the editorial decisions of the site reflect the influence of the Internet? Has this process made the company more efficient? The Athens, Ga., new wave pioneers are wrapping up their last-ever tour. In what ways does the United States act as a cultural hegemon? The European roots of the United States originate with the English and Spanish settlers of colonial North America during British and Spanish rule Scotch Irish, 4.3 Scots, 4.7 Irish, 7.2 German, 2.7 Dutch, 1.7 French and 2 Swedish). Unlike Marx, who believed that the workers of the world would eventually unite and overthrow capitalism, Gramsci instead argued that culture and the media exert such a powerful influence on society that they can actually influence workers to buy into a system that is not economically advantageous to them. Explain the purpose and influence of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. Even though many of these empires have seen their powers wane over the years, they still maintain a cultural link to their previous colonies. How does vertical integration relate to globalized media? Name a positive and a negative way in which culture may respond to an outside force. Coined by George Ritzer in his book The McDonaldization of Society (1993), the concept is rooted in the process of rationalization. Gramscis concept of cultural hegemony is pertinent in the modern day not because of the likelihood of a local property-owning class oppressing the poor, but because of concern that rising globalization will permit one culture to so completely assert its power that it drives out all competitors. Western stylesnewfangled delights like nylon stockings, pierced ears and eye shadowalso began to replace the austere blue tunics of Mao-era China. What are the two ways that media companies make money? Not everyone views the spread of American tastes as a negative occurrence. In this rags-to-riches tale, hard work and talent can lead to a successful life no matter where one starts. Examples of Social Media (Ranked by Monthly Users) 1. The numbers also feature many different Indian national languages and a hybrid of Western dance music and Indian classical singing, a certain departure from conventional Western media (Corliss, 1996). The idea that media actually spreads a culture, however, is controversial. As early as 1987, Nicholas Kristof wrote in The New York Times about a young Chinese woman who was planning to have an operation to make her eyes look rounder, more like the eyes of Caucasian women. Strongly influenced by the theories and writings of Karl Marx, Italian philosopher and critic Gramsci originated the idea of cultural hegemony to describe the power of one group over another. Just as imperial Britain economically ruled the American colonists, so did Britain strongly influence the culture of the colonies. This early layer of cultural mainstream still persists today, in a form separate from mass-produced popular culture, propagating by word of mouth rather than via mass media, e.g. A world-empire (examples, the Roman Empire, Han China) are large bureaucratic structures with a single political center and an axial division of labor, but multiple cultures. Cultural Messages and the Media. What is globalization, and how does it affect the media? From a spread of Western ideals of beauty to the possible decline of local cultures around the world, cultural imperialism can have a quick and devastating effect. These values are perhaps most visible in celebrities and the roles that they adopt. Multinational, nongovernmental corporations can now drive global culture. American movie studios are generally much more successful than their foreign counterparts not only because of their business models but also because the concept of Hollywood has become one of the modern worldwide movie businesss defining traits. In its broadest strokes, imperialism describes the ways that one nation asserts its power over another. Cultural Imperialism: A Critical Introduction (London: Continuum, 2001). Media Entertainment, information and publications are typically digital with rare exceptions such as a physical newspaper. In his book Cultural Imperialism, John Tomlinson argues that exported American culture is not necessarily imperialist because it does not push a cultural agenda; it seeks to make money from whatever cultural elements it can throughout the world. Pick a media company that interests you, such as a magazine, a television station, or a record label. The branding of the company is the same wherever it is; the Im lovin it slogan is inescapable, and the Golden Arches are, according to Eric Schlosser in Fast Food Nation, more widely recognized than the Christian cross (Schlosser, 2001). Yet, more importantly, the business model of McDonalds stays relatively the same from country to country. A note about the documents included on this page: These documents were originally selected for the project Our Documents: 100 Milestone Documents from the National Archives, a national initiative on American history, civics, and service.They were identified to "help us think, talk and teach about the rights and responsibilities of citizens in our Rather, the films producers had judged that it would succeed on a world stage just as on a domestic stage. For many of the more extremist factions, this has turned into a form of racism as well, where many things that are Western are hated or despised. What is the effect of digital communication in developing countries? Tomlinson, John. Social contexts are all about society and what you need to know about your society in any situation.Society has rules around behavior and interaction. Are there any online-only content sections of the site? What are the main traits of media McDonaldization? The spread of culture works in mysterious ways. McDonaldization is characterized by efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control. Is there anything that might not relate to its main product? As well as these cultural practices, there has also been a geopolitical dimension: For a long time there has been resentment by many in the Middle East at the policies of America in their region. bi-monthly newspaper of the Revolutionary Communist Group; Times Literary Supplement weekly literary and cultural journal; Media now rely heavily on synergy, or cross-platform media distribution. Just as the automation of fast foodfrom freeze-dried french fries to prewrapped saladsattempts to lower a products marginal costs, thus increasing profits, media outlets seek to achieve a certain degree of consistency that allows them to broadcast and sell the same product throughout the world with minimal changes. Why? Describe how hegemony applies to different aspects of global culture. Linguistic imperialism or language imperialism is occasionally defined as "the transfer of a dominant language to other people". Please respond to the following short-answer writing prompts. Of course, there is some truth to this, but it is by far the exception rather than the rule. It is cultural in that the customs, traditions, religion, language, social and moral norms, and other aspects of the imposing community are distinct from, Repatriation is the return of the cultural property, often referring to ancient or looted art, to their country of origin or former owners (or their heirs).The disputed cultural property items are physical artifacts of a group or society taken by another group, usually in the act of looting, whether in the context of imperialism, colonialism, or war. By contrast, some local cultures around the world have taken to Western-style business models so greatly that they have created their own hybrid cultures. What is synergy, and how can media companies use it? Kristof, Nicholas D. In China, Beauty Is a Big Western Nose, New York Times, April 29, 1987, http://www.nytimes.com/1987/04/29/garden/in-china-beauty-is-a-big-western-nose.html. As a new faculty, it is our priority to develop an Indigenous Strategy that is collaboratively developed, productive and purposeful to affect long-term change in the educational outcomes of Indigenous students and the intellectual and cultural integrity of Indigenous teaching and research across the faculty. This is neither entirely good nor entirely bad. How are citizens of developed countries who lack useful Internet access affected? Common Cultural Diffusions. Marxs ideas remained at the heart of Gramscis beliefs. During the early 21st century, much of the United Statess foreign policy stemmed from the idea that spreading freedom, democracy, and free-market capitalism through cultural influence around the world could cause hostile countries such as Iraq to adopt American ways of living and join the United States in the fight against global terrorism and tyranny. However, the idea that other local beliefs need to change may threaten people of other cultures. However, cultural imperialism has potential negative effects as well. Creative outputs that have cultural and artistic value often have no physical form. What are the three basic business models of media? The music and dance numbers are essentially cinematic forms of music videos, both promoting the soundtrack and adding variety to the film. Our lives, our cultures, are composed of many overlapping stories. To begin discussing the topic of cultural imperialism, it is important to look at the ideas of one of its founding theorists, Antonio Gramsci. Instead, local cultures seem to adopt American-style media models, changing their methods to fit the corporate structures rather than just the aesthetics of U.S. media. Combining traditional Indian music and dance with American-style filmmaking, Bollywood studios release around 700 major films each year, three times the rate of the major Hollywood studios. Modernization theory is used to explain the process of modernization within societies. The culture was still a mix of nationalitiesmany Dutch and Germans settled as wellbut the ruling majority of ex-Britons led British culture to generally take over. These pop songs are disseminated well before a movies release, both to build up hype and to enter multiple media markets. Essays on subjects as diverse as the pros and cons of social media, the successes and failures of the French Revolution, and an account on Lizette Farah; No matter what the topic, type of essay, or discipline of study, essay writing can be daunting without access to the right resources.

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