Wreck of the 'Gloucester' off Yarmouth, May 6, 1682. The wreck site they encountered turned out to be HMS Gloucester, which grounded in 1682 during a personnel transport voyage for a very important person: the Duke of York, the future King James II . James Stuart, the son of King Charles I, survived. 'It is an outstanding example of underwater cultural heritage of national and international importance. [43][44], James's intention was to sail from Sheerness in Kent to Leith. James took no responsibility for the disaster, instead blaming the pilot who he demanded be hanged immediately. [3][11] Around 100 ships could be formed into a line of battle. The HMS Gloucester, travelling from southern England to Scotland, ran aground while navigating sandbanks off the town of Great Yarmouth on the eastern English coast. She sunk so fast, that before the Boats could take out the Men (although there was great diligence used) the Ship was under Water, and several of our Men perished with her, Sir John Berry hardly escaping by a Rope over the Stern, into Captain Wybourn's Boat. Health Canada has authorized an updated version of Moderna's COVID-19 booster vaccine that targets the Omicron BA.4/BA.5 subvariants. It sank within an hour of the strike, at 5.30am on May 6, killing around 130 to 250 crew and passengers. The exhibition jointly curated by the University of East Anglia and Norfolk Museums Service will be staged for five months at Norwich Castle Museum & Art Gallery from spring next year. It provided protection for supplies transported by sea during the 1650 invasion of Scotland, and a squadron bombarded Leith (near Edinburgh) to cover the army's advance during the invasion. Plans are underway to exhibit artefacts on board the ship that have been brought to land, including clothes, wine bottles and the ship's bell, used to conclusively confirm the wreck was the Gloucester. [21] It had a length at the gun deck of 117 feet (35.7m), a beam of 34feet 10inches (10.6m), and a depth of hold of 13feet 6inches (4.1m). [45], On the second evening, a dispute arose between the Duke and several officersincluding HMS Gloucesters pilot, James Ayresabout the correct course to take. The frigate Gloucester (spelt Glocester by contemporary sources) is a Speaker-class third rate, commissioned into the Royal Navy as HMS Gloucester after the restoration of the English monarchy in 1660. The ship's tonnage was 755 1194 tons burthen. The discovery of HMS Gloucester, 28 miles off the coast of Great Yarmouth, was announced last week Wreck was found by amateur divers in 2007 but the news was kept secret to allow artefacts to. Their introduction caused the Dutch navy, which was still reliant.on the use of armed merchant ships, to become obsolete. During the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict, Gloucester was the first Royal Navy vessel to evacuate British nationals from Beirut, berthing on 18 July 2006. It was awe-inspiring and really beautiful. The wreck of a royal warship that sank 340 years ago whilst carrying the future King James II could be raised from the seabed in an operation similar to the incredible recovery of the Mary Rose. Our next job was to identify the site as the Gloucester.'. The wreck of a royal warship which sank in 1682 while carrying the future king James Stuart has been discovered off the coast of Norfolk. A former housekeeper for Amazon founder Jeff Bezos says she and other employees suffered unsafe working conditions that included being forced to climb out a laundry room window to get to a bathroom anytime the Bezos family was home. [24][25] Gloucester was rammed during the invasion. The force of the ship against the sand broke off the rudder, and water rushed into the ship through a hole in the keel. The Wreck of H.M.S. A 39million 34-year restoration was recently completed. 2022 4am - 7am. The Duke was saved, but as many as 250 people drowned, including members of the royal party; it is thought that James' intransigence delayed the evacuation of the passengers and crew. [59] At a press conference in June 2022 to publicise the finding of the ship, Claire Jowitt, a maritime historian at the University of East Anglia, said the circumstances of the sinking meant that it "can be claimed as the single most significant historic maritime discovery since the raising of the Mary Rose in 1982", and that the discovery "would fundamentally change [our] understanding of 17th century social, maritime and political history. The comments below have not been moderated. The wreck had been found by amateur divers in 2007. The former Army chief also wants to raise money to continue the excavation of the site where the ship lies. Wreck of the 'Gloucester' off Yarmouth, May 6, 1682. With the holidays approaching, financial expert Robyn Thompson advises that now is the time to use old gift cards as rising inflation affects their purchasing power. "I think this is a time capsule that offers the opportunity to find it out so much about life on a 17th-century ship. Starting Jan. 1. Do you want to automatically post your MailOnline comments to your Facebook Timeline? The frigate Gloucester (spelt Glocester by contemporary sources) is a Speaker-class third rate, commissioned into the Royal Navy as HMS Gloucester after the restoration of the English monarchy in 1660. The king by that time had already suffered a. Why Gloucester didn't leave with them is a mystery. [2] To counteract against these threats, the government began building up the strength of the its navy. On 7 May he reached Edinburgh, and was reunited with his family. Speaking of the moment they found the ship, Lincoln said: 'It was our fourth dive season looking for Gloucester,' he said. Following the end of the English Civil War in 1649, the new Parliamentary regime was threatened by foreign powers and Royalist supporters exiled from England, who targeted maritime trade. The ship is shown listing to port, her sails and rigging . The exhibition will bring together artefacts from the wreck, new research into the context of the discovery, and artistic responses to it.[66]. James went on to reign as King James II of England and Ireland and James VII of Scotland from 1685 until 1688, when he was deposed by the Glorious Revolution. Even in the most biodiverse rainforest of the world, the pirarucu, also known as arapaima, stands out. [10] This tactic, known as a line of battle, was used by ships large and powerful enough to take their place in the line. [33] During the battle Gloucester formed part of the White squadron, Centre division; 18 men from the ship were killed and 27 men were wounded. It is believed she tipped over after being overburdened with men and equipment. The Barnwell brothers are Norfolk-based printers, licensed divers and Honorary Fellows in the School of History at UEA. "On my descent to the seabed, the first thing I spotted were large cannon laying on white sand, it was awe-inspiring and really beautiful. Twitter's new owner, billionaire Elon Musk, wants to turn the blue check verification system on Twitter into a revenue source for the company he paid $44 billion to purchase. The ship struck sandbanks a few hours after a protracted argument between the Duke, the pilot and several naval officers over the course that was to be taken. Some animal bones were discovered, but there were no signs of any human remains. A gunman in eastern Pakistan opened fire Thursday at a campaign truck carrying former Prime Minister Imran Khan, slightly wounding him in the leg and killing one of his supporters, his party and police said. [16], Under John Holmes, HMS Gloucester participated in the attack on the Smyrna fleet in the North Sea in March 1672. HMS Gloucester (D96) was a Type 42 destroyer launched . The HMS Gloucester ran aground some 28 miles off Great Yarmouth following a dispute between James, then the Duke of York, and the ship's pilot James Ayres about navigating the treacherous Norfolk sandbanks. Little was achieved. [27][16][note 4] The English government sent an expedition as a political gesture to dissuade the Dutch from sending a second fleet to the Baltic. [5], The Commonwealth navy supported the regime in several ways. Your details from Facebook will be used to provide you with tailored content, marketing and ads in line with our Privacy Policy. [16] In August 1655 the squadron returned to England, but the Gloucester and 14 other vessels remained out on the station. The remaining Dutch ships, though damaged, escaped. Some accounts claim the vessel sank as a result over a dispute between James, a former Lord High Admiral, and the ship's pilot James Ayres about the best route through the treacherous Norfolk sandbanks. In 2012 one of the rescued finds the ship's bell, manufactured in 1681 was used by the Receiver of Wreck and Ministry of Defence to conclusively confirm the wreck was the Gloucester. In 1682, the royal warship HMS Gloucester sank off the English coast. In 1682 it was selected to carry James to Edinburgh to collect his heavily pregnant wife and their households. A new survey says Canadian employers are concerned about employee burnout and high turnover amid the ongoing labour shortage. However, the lifting of the Sea forced her off of the Sand, and she went into 15 fathom Water before we could let go our Anchor, which proved the loss of many poor Mens Lives. Former Vegas stripper turned OnlyFans model talks about the industry, TSU fires professor after he's caught screaming at a student, Driving instructor releases shocking dash-cam footage of near-misses, 'It's a tough road ahead': BofE raises interest rates by 0.75% to 3%, Mob heckles UK Ambassador to Moscow over Nord Stream 'attack', Hunt: BofE interest rates hike is going to be very tough for Brits, Zelensky says 4.5 million Ukrainians are temporarily without power, James Corden under new scrutiny for using Noel Fielding's joke, School pupil sets off firework inside bus as students record it, OnlyFans model calls boyfriend racial slur before killing him, Survivor: Big mistakes made on the night of Manchester Arena attack, 'Go to Africa!' James barely survived, having delayed abandoning ship until the last minute, needlessly costing the lives of between 130 and 250 people on board who, because of protocol, could not abandon the ship before royalty. [19] The Gloucester cost the navy 5,473 (equivalent to 773,517 in 2019)[20] and was built at Limehouse in East London under the direction of master shipwright Matthew Graves. The warship was conveying James Stuart, Duke of York (the future King James II of England) to Scotland, when on 6 May 1682 she struck a sandbank off the Norfolk coast, and quickly sank. The ship set sail from Portsmouth, with James and his entourage joining it off Margate in Kent, having travelled by yacht from London, before it ran aground off the Norfolk coast. Once hanging from the frame, the hull was transferred to a steel cradle that was in place on the seabed west of the wreck. While conveying the Duke of York to Leith, the ship ran aground on the Lemon and Oar sandbank off Yarmouth, with the loss of one hundred and thirty lives. [51], On the night of 5/6 May 1682, HMS Gloucester was affected by strong winds blowing from the east. 'On my descent to the seabed, the first thing I spotted were large cannon laying on white sand. "It is an outstanding example of underwater cultural heritage of national and international importance. Even though the discovery is now public, the exact location of the wreck is protected and still cannot be disclosed. [21], Gloucester was commissioned in 1654, with Benjamin Blake as captain; following his resignation in 1656, Blake was succeeded by Richard Newberry. [63], The discovery of the ship's bell in 2012 enabled the identity of the wreck to be confirmed by the Receiver of Wreck and the UK Ministry of Defence. [50] Boats from accompanying ships managed to rescue more people, and many were saved, but between 130 to 250 sailors and passengers lost their lives. "We've only just touched the tip of an iceberg," Julian Barnwell said. [48][note 6] No document listing those aboard the Gloucester itself has survived, adding to confusion about which of James's advisers were aboard. Within 30 minutes it has sunk down beneath the waves and nearly 200 men have drowned. The wreck of the Gloucester was found in 2007 by brothers Julian and Lincoln Barnwell and others after a four-year search. More than 60million people watched the 1982 raising operation on television. Henry VIII was watching when the vessel met its fate. Additionally, a 10-gun brig named HMSDuke of Gloucester was launched on Lake Erie in 1807, captured by the Americans in April 1813 and destroyed by the British a few weeks later. A Dutch flotilla of 12 ships en route from the Baltic to Amsterdam was intercepted, and seven of the ships were captured. That process, along with a series of wax chemicals, were used to stop the wood drying out and to inhibit bacterial activity. [37][40][42], The ship was a large asset for the Royal Navy. Above: The ship is seen inside the special frame that was used to lift it from the seabed, The Tudor warship 'Mary Rose' in her salvage cage at Portsmouth, UK, having been raised from the Solent. Since running aground on a sandbank on May 6, 1682, the wreck of the warship the Gloucester has lain half-buried on the seabed. [56][57], The sinking of HMS Gloucester "became key to the political fortunes and perceptions of the Duke". [24], Gloucester fought in the Four Days' Battle (14 June 1666), a naval battle of the Second Anglo-Dutch War fought largely off the Thames Estuary, and outside English territorial waters, which has been called the greatest battle of the Age of Sail. Above: A depiction of the sinking. [45][49] The fleet left the Kent coast the next day, after having taken several hours to carry passengers and baggage and passengers across from the shore to the ships. From 16781680 she was comprehensively and expensively refitted at Portsmouth, a shortage of funds and materials having repeatedly delayed the work. A large crowd, along with James's brother King Charles and members of the royal court were present to watch the its departure of the fleet. The crest was a forerunner to the Stars and Stripes flag. He went on to reign as King James II of England and . The course decided upon was finally advised by James. Shortly before the ship sank, James escaped into one of the Gloucester's small boats with his close friend the courtier John Churchill (later 1st Duke of Marlborough). The Mary Rose sank in battle in the Solent in 1545, and was raised in 1982, later being put on display in Portsmouth. Diarist and naval administrator Samuel Pepys, who witnessed events from another ship in the fleet, wrote his own account - describing the harrowing experience for victims and survivors, with some picked up 'half dead' from the water. It sank within an hour,. Wishing to avoid them, he advocated that the fleet sailed close to the coast. [1][59][60] They retrieved a variety of artefacts, including a Royal Navy cannon and a Bellarmine jug. [31] By the end of the battle, the English had captured or sank 17 Dutch ships;[32] a number that would have been larger had not the ensuing pursuit been prematurely called off. At 1045, Admiral Glenie's Force D, which included Ajax, Orion and Dido, departed to Alexandria to reammunition. [24], After a Dutch fleet, commanded by Jacob van Wassenaer Obdam, defeated the Swedes in the Battle of the Sound, and lifted the blockade of Copenhagen,[26] the Commonwealth Protector Richard Cromwell in the autumn of 1658 ordered a fleet to be sent to the Sound to protect English interests. The frame was supported above the ship on four legs and hydraulic jacks then lifted it just a few inches out of the suction effect of the silt in the Solent. [4] She underwent a 6 million refit at Rosyth Dockyard in Fife, Scotland, in 2007. Elon Musk will begin laying off Twitter employees on Friday morning, according to a memo sent to staff. "Our next job was to identify the site as the Gloucester.". The HMS Gloucester ran aground off the Norfolk coast on 6 May 1682, drowning up to 250 crew and passengers as it sank within an hour of hitting a sandbank. Artefacts rescued and conserved from the wreck include clothes and shoes, navigational and other professional naval equipment, personal possessions, and many wine bottles. We will automatically post your comment and a link to the news story to your Facebook timeline at the same time it is posted on MailOnline. Twitter's blue check: Vital verification or status symbol? [24] Known as the Western Design, the expedition was Cromwell's plan to end Spanish dominance in the West Indies. Charles II was by now an ageing monarch, in poor health. Claire Jowitt, an expert in maritime history at the University of East Anglia, said the wreck was "one of the important `almost' moments in English history." This article includes data released under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported UK: England & Wales Licence, by the National Maritime Museum, as part of the Warship Histories project. Steve Allen brings you the latest from the newspapers as you wake up. The HMS Gloucester ran aground some 28 miles off Great Yarmouth following a dispute between James, then the Duke of York, and the ship's pilot James Ayres about navigating the treacherous Norfolk sandbanks. Use of this Website assumes acceptance of Terms & Conditions and Privacy Policy, Stay up to date on the latest, breaking news, Elon Musk's Twitter informs staff layoffs are set to begin, Meet this giant fish that is helping to save the rainforest. ", Protocol dictated that no-one could abandon a ship while there was still a member of the royal family aboard, so James' reluctance to leave the Gloucester, and his insistence that his strongbox containing his political documents should also be loaded onto his boat, delayed the start of the evacuation. On 14 April 1655, English troops landed in Hispaniola and marched inland. Lord High Commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland, James Dick (the Lord Provost of Edinburgh), "Shipwreck The Gloucester hailed most important since Mary Rose", "The Gloucester Project: The Cromwellian Navy and the Building of the Gloucester", "Warship Histories Vessels, vessel ID 367610", "The Battle of Lowestoft, 3 June 1665, Showing HMS 'Royal Charles' and the 'Eendracht', "The Battle of the Texel, 1121 August 1673", "The Battle of The Texel, 11 August 1673", "The battle of the Texel (Kijkdum) 11/21 August 1673", "The Gloucester Project: Disaster at Sea", "Wreck of Royal Navy warship sunk in 1682 identified off Norfolk coast", "The brothers who spent a fortune searching for lost royal ship", "HMS Gloucester: Six fascinating finds from royal shipwreck", "Wreck of 17th-century royal warship found off UK coast", "Royal warship's wreckage found off coast of Norfolk after sinking in 1682", Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HMS_Gloucester_(1654)&oldid=1119865763, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing more detailed references, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the National Maritime Museum, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, May 1666, action with Dutch convoy 1666 off Texel, This page was last edited on 3 November 2022, at 20:54. None was lost, and from 22 December until the end of the year they anchored on the English coast between Great Yarmouth and Harwich. Clearing the boom defence with only inches to spare, H.M.S. The ship called HMS Gloucester, sank in 1682 off the coast of Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, whilst carrying the future King James of England, Ireland and Scotland. As a signal for the fleet to drop anchor, she fired a gun, but three ships, misinterpreting the signal, sailed out to sea, and never re-joined the fleet. The number of guns was raised to 60 in 1677. The wreck was found by brothers Julian and Lincoln Barnwell, together with others, following a four-year search over 5,000 nautical miles. There were also some unopened bottles, with wine still inside -- offering opportunities for future research. [44] The ship's boats were lowered down, enabling the Duke and some of his courtiers and advisors to reach the safety of the accompanying ships, which had already sent their boats to assist the stricken vessel. [16] The ship was part a fleet of 20 ships commanded by his brother Sir Robert Holmes, lying off the Isle of Wight. [45] There he intended to settle his affairs as Lord High Commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland, and collect his pregnant wife Mary of Modena (along with his daughter Anne from his previous marriage), before returning to London with his family and taking up residence at his brother Charless court. Originally built for 50 guns,[15] in 1667 she carried 57 guns (19 demi-cannon, 4 culverins, and 34 demi-culverins). The Mary Rose is now on permanent display in Portsmouth. At one point, the firing became heavy enough to be heard in the Hague. [34], Early in May 1672, an English squadron narrowly escaped capture, for 30 Dutch ships were suddenly sent in pursuit. An Allied force, consisting of the English and French fleets, met the Dutch fleet. [59], In 2007, after a four-year-long search, the wreck of HMS Gloucester was found 28 miles (45km) by a group of experienced underwater divers that included brothers Julian and Lincoln Barnwell. Gloucester, captained by William Whitehorne, and with 260 men and 60 guns, was one of 20 ships sent to conduct operations in the Sound, under the command of Vice-Admiral William Goodsonn. A low supply of diesel in the United States could have spillover effects here in Canada in the form of higher prices, experts predict. The squadron, under the command of William Coleman, captain of the Gloucester, succeeded in reaching Sheerness relatively unscathed. The Duke settled the matter when he decided upon a middle course. Christian monastery possibly pre-dating Islam found in UAE, Microsoft extends aid for Ukraine's wartime tech innovation, Ukraine trusts Musk's Starlink but looking for other providers too, Twitter will not reinstate banned users without 'clear process,' Musk says, Look up! James Stuart, the son of King Charles I, survived. The Barnwells, who are printers by trade, decided to hunt for the Gloucester after reading about it in a book in 2003. Measuring 117 feet in length and weighing 755 tons, the frigate was a full-rigged beast of a warship (not unlike Sweden's ill-fated Vasa) that proved much too unwieldy to break free from its sandy. [31], On 5 May 1666, HMS Gloucester', now captained by Robert Clark, saw action against the Dutch off the island of Texel,[16] having been stationed there in April with a small squadron to observe the Dutch fleet. [1][64] The bell was inscribed with "1681", the year it was cast. The ship had a crew of 210340 officers and ratings. frigate Gloucester (spelt Glocester by contemporary sources) is a Speaker-class third rate, commissioned into the Royal Navy as HMS Gloucester after the. [37] The fleets, which met off the island of Texel, consisted of 86 ships under the command of Prince Rupert of the Rhine, and 60 Dutch ships, commanded by Lieutenant-Admiral-General Michiel de Ruyter. The views expressed in the contents above are those of our users and do not necessarily reflect the views of MailOnline. There are no current plans to raise the wreck of the Gloucester because much of it is buried under sand. This comes as the union confirms it will fight any fines given to its members who choose to strike on Friday. Moments before a daylight shooting in Surrey, B.C., this week, surveillance video captured a man dressed head-to-toe in black rushing up to the victim and then running away from the scene. Early in the war the English government, recognising the usefulness of large ships, had ordered 30 frigates, to be built at the end of 1652. Very shortly it comes off the bank and is anchored in deep water head to the wind. U.S. Powerball lottery players have a chance Wednesday night, to win an estimated US$1.2 billion jackpot, the second-largest pool in its 30-year history. [43][note 5], In April 1682, HMS Gloucester was due to be deployed, along with five other ships, to Tangier via Ireland, when Sir John Berry was appointed to command the ship, and was assigned to transport the Duke of York (the future King James II of England) and his party to Edinburgh. To do this we will link your MailOnline account with your Facebook account. More than 500 volunteer divers and many others on shore helped with the work. The aim was to bring them back to King Charles II's court in London in time, it was hoped, for the birth of a legitimate male heir. HMS Gloucester (62) HMS Gloucester was one of the second batch of three Town-class light cruisers built for the Royal Navy during the late 1930s. The discovery was only made public Friday because of the time it took to confirm the identity of the ship and the need to protect the historical site. Ontario has passed legislation imposing a four-year contract on education support workers and making it illegal to strike. Meteor showers, a lunar eclipse and Uranus at opposition among major astronomical events for November, Refugee stabs herself with knife in front of federal official amid desperate plea for housing. Your comment will be posted to MailOnline as usual. James went on to reign as King James II of England and Ireland and James VII of Scotland from 1685 until 1688, when he was deposed by the Glorious Revolution. The Legge family crest was a forerunner to the Stars and Stripes flag. He then hurried to Edinburgh, arriving on May 7 about 8pm. "A tragedy of considerable proportions in terms of loss of life, both privileged and ordinary, the full story of the Gloucester's last voyage and the impact of its aftermath needs re-telling, including its cultural and political importance, and legacy. From 1994, active conservation commenced with the spraying of Polyethylene Glycol (Peg), a water-soluble polymer which can penetrate deep into the wood and support the cell walls. After the ship sank, James barely survived, having delayed abandoning ship until the last minute and needlessly costing the lives of many who, because of protocol, could not abandon the ship before royalty. The boat had been hoisted into the sea and the Duke finally consented to be taken to the safety of one of the accompanying yachts, the Mary, which was part of the fleet. The English lost 10 ships, most notably the Prince Royal; most of the nine other ships had been captured from the Dutch. The Mary Rose was raised from the Solent, the strait north of the Isle of Wight, in October 1982 after an 11-year salvage operation. 'That is probably recoverable and we may be able to bring it up to the surface like the Mary Rose - which is why we say the Gloucester is Norfolk's Mary Rose.'. During 1666 she formed part of the fleet that attacked a Dutch convoy off Texel. The wreck of the HMS Gloucester was found in 1999 and later re-discovered in 2007 but only identified in 2012, when divers found her bell. The ship was ordered in December 1652, built at Limehouse in East London, and launched in 1654. Above: Diving brothers Julian and Lincoln Barnwell are seen measuring a cannon from the ship, Now, the former head of the British Army, Lord Dannatt, who is due to chair a charity caring for items recovered from the Gloucester, has said the vessel could be lifted from the seabed. Once it was realised she was aground, with the sandbank hidden in the dark and some distance below the water surface, Gloucester fired a gun as a warning of the danger to the other ships. It sank within an hour of the strike, killing roughly around 150 to 200 crew and passengers. He said the ship could be brought 'up to the surface like the Mary Rose' in October 1982. Speaker-class third rate wrecked in 1682, discovered off the coast of Norfolk in 2007, Assignment to convey the Duke of York to Scotland, The contemporary third rate frigates built as part of the 1652 programme were, On 27 May 1664, Myngs requested that his brother John be appointed. He had dived several times to see the wreck in the Solent. [58] He was later accused of having "taken particular care of his strong-box, his dogs, and his priests", while George Legge "with drawn sword kept off the other passengers". The ship bounced along the sandbank, which was in shallow water at low tide. The vessel's sinking is a matter of great historical debate. Consumer confidence continues to plummet with nearly half of Canadians (47%) reporting that their personal finances are worse off compared to a year ago, according to weekly polling by Nanos Research for Bloomberg. A second attack failed, and eventually the troops had to be re-embarked. It is believed she may have been overburdened with men and equipment. In all there were around 330 people on board. The CFL has announced that the BC Lions will host the 2024 Grey Cup at BC Place in Vancouver. Amongst those drowned were Robert Ker, 3rd Earl of Roxburghe, Donough O'Brien, Lord Ibrackan, Lord Hopton,[13][45] and the Duke of York's brother-in-law James Hyde, who was second lieutenant on the Gloucester. They found the site in 2007 but kept it secret for security reasons to protect the 'at risk' site, which lies in international waters. It assisted in defeating Royalists who threatened English maritime trade; Royalist-sponsored privateers posed a threat to commerce, but were deterred by the increased power and size of the fleet. Since running aground on a sandbank on May 6, 1682, the wreck of the warship the Gloucester has lain half-buried on the seabed It sank. The Wreck today. [55], The Duke of York completed his voyage to Scotland on board the yacht Mary, accompanied by the Katherine and the Charlotte.

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