2020-present Joshua Comeau. Exclusive use of hardware-accelerated CSS properties (transform: translate) instead of positioning properties (top, left).Read why this matters.. Full support for enter/exit animations, including some spiffy presets, that all leverage hardware-accelerated CSS properties. We'll look at how to build dynamic effects such as scroll-to-flatten using SVG path instructions, and how to architect our components for maximum readability and reusability. In this deep-dive tutorial, we'll learn how CSS keyframes work from the ground up, and see how to use them to build high-quality animations. We don't always want our animations to start immediately! Play with all the previous settings (and a couple new ones!) After 1000ms has elapsed, the animation packs itself up and hits the road. In this blog post, I share the approach I took to build responsive, client-friendly emails without a single

tag. If you're a human, please ignore this field. The animation itself works fine, but when it's over, the element pops back into existence: If we were to graph the element's opacity over time, it would look something like this: Why does the element jump back to full visibility? A tag already exists with the provided branch name. It's like a flipbook. Try scrubbing with the timeline; notice how drastic the movement is in the first few frames, and how subtle it becomes towards the end. I'll let you know when I publish new content, and I'll even share exclusive newsletter-only content now and then.No spam, unsubscribe at any time. Experimentation is encouraged! In this blog post, we'll pop the hood on CSS and see how the language is structured, and how to learn it effectively. For example, we can use it to create a loading spinner: Note that for spinners, we generally want to use a linear timing function so that the motion is constant (though this is somewhat subjectivetry changing it and see what you think!). I am a Senior Finance Major at the Isenberg School of Management at UMass Amherst. The final layer, .front, uses relative positioning, since we need 1 in-flow child to give the its width and height. He's here to talk about his brand new course, CSS for JavaScript developers, and tea. We can rely purely on DOM order; no z-index required to control the stacking order! Some timing functions may feel faster or slower, but in these examples, they all take exactly 1 second to complete. An in-depth look at the technical stack behind this very blog! This means that the element moves at a constant pace; our circle moves by the same amount each frame. This state tackles two separate actions: Ideally, I would pick different transitions for each of these actions, but it isn't possible in pure CSS. It isn't descriptive at all; literally all timing functions are eases of one sort or another! So far, we've been using the transition shorthand to bundle all our transition-related values together. Instead of rasterizing the pixels on every frame, it transfers everything to the GPU as a texture. It isn't at all clear how it uses traditional CSS features under-the-hood, and that lack of clarity can cause real problems when things go awry. Nothing in life comes free, and hardware acceleration is no exception. I've spoken to hundreds of JavaScript developers who find CSS frustrating and confusing. Developers often reach for UI frameworks like Bootstrap or Material UI, hoping that they'll save a bunch of time and quickly build a professional-looking app. In this tutorial, we're diving deep into CSS keyframes. Last week, I pre-launched my very first course, CSS for JavaScript Developers. If you work with a framework like React or Vue and you don't feel super comfortable with CSS, my mission this year is to change that. We can also set it to reverse. I've also given it a custom easing curve, via cubic-bezier. Web animations are more important than most developers realize. You can think of this like a global variable.*. After 300ms elapses, the transition kicks in normally, and the dropdown fades out over 400ms. Also, let's slap a transition on the front layer. In this tutorial, I'll show you how I use it on this blog. Finally, our :hover transition. As software developers, we're always learning new things; it's practically the whole gig! A deep dive into Bzier curves in React. The feel like dull everyday pixels. Well, the box can serve as helpful feedback, to confirm that you've successfully tapped the target. Instead, we should focus on how the language uses those properties to calculate layouts. For this reason, I prefer to exclude delay from the shorthand: Probably the most confusing aspect of keyframe animations is fill modes. We'll slide the foreground layer around with transform: translate. In essence, they let us create our own timing curve. This gives the button a ton more personality. May 26 Realistic shadows are live in @framer ! In this tutorial, we'll dig deep and understand what they do, why they're useful, and how to get the most out of them. In addition to picking different speeds, we can also change the timing functions! He recently released CSS for JavaScript Developers, an interactive learning experience designed to help JavaScript developers become confident with CSS. Good animations mimic the natural world, so we should pick something more organic! The last little detail is an additional hover effect: On hover, the button brightens. I want the button to snap down quickly when clicked, and I want it to bounce back when released. This affects all 3 layers. In this case, when the user moves their mouse outside .dropdown-wrapper, nothing happens for 300ms. Josh Comeau is a software developer, educator, amateur pianist, and cat person. The name of the property we wish to animate. Here's what this looks like by default, on Chrome / MacOS: In the MVP above, I took the liberty of adding an outline-offset declaration. When we animate an element using transform and opacity, the browser will sometimes try to optimize this animation. ease is the default value if you don't specify a timing function, ease gets used. They're a bit quirky, and if you don't understand those quirks, using them can be quite frustrating. In this animation, we're using a linear timing function. If we want a buttery-smooth transition on the button, we'll have way more success with this strategy. There's one main trick we'll use a couple times in this tutorial to create the illusion of a 3D button. I've written before about respecting prefers-reduced-motion, an OS-level setting users can toggle to express a preference for less motion. But multi-step-spin breaks it into 4 distinct steps, and each step has the timing function applied: Unfortunately, we can't control this behaviour using CSS keyframe animations, though it is configurable using the Web Animations API. It's built on the same tech stack as this blog, so it features the same style of embedded interactive widgets, but it goes even further. This span houses all of the cosmetic styles (background color, font stuff, etc). When the animation ends, animation-fill-mode: forwards will copy/paste the declarations in the final block, persisting them forwards in time. So, something bothers me about the example above. You can learn more at css-for-js.dev. Let's start by having them be evenly-spaced: To clarify what's going on here: each faded circle represents a moment in time. You'll learn about the accessibility implications, and how to determine the best unit to use in any scenario. . I'll let you know when I publish new content, and I'll even share exclusive newsletter-only content now and then.No spam, unsubscribe at any time. As we move the mouse diagonally to select a child, our cursor dips out-of-bounds, and the menu closes. Find Josh Elsewhere: Flip Move was inspired by Ryan Florence's awesome Magic Move, and offers:. Animation performance is a surprisingly deep and interesting area, well beyond the scope of this introductory tutorial. In this blog post, we'll pop the hood on CSS and see how the language is structured, and how to learn it effectively. Let's apply those lessons here, by disabling animations for folks who request it: This small tweak means that animations will resolve immediately for users who have gone into their system preferences and toggled a checkbox. We can use transition-delay! Here we've said that the animation should last 1 second (1000ms). Animation is like salt: too much of it spoils the dish. Is there a clearer way we could accomplish the same effect? . In this tutorial, we'll build a whimsical 3D button: This is an intermediate-level tutorial for front-end developers. We have a mouse-enter animation and a mouse-leave animation. Though it can make it a bit harder to understand where a particular CSS value has been set. So for that first half-second, it's as if the CSS in the from block doesn't exist. How should we tackle this? Be intentional about where you use it. Get a Sanity powered site up and running in minutes at sanity.io/create. Lots of devs find them confusing, for a whole host of reasons. This is incongruous with the natural world, where things happen gradually. A surprisingly-common misconception can lead to big rendering issues that are difficult to debug. Well, we've come pretty far in our quest to become proficient with CSS transitions, but there are a couple final details to go over. I believe most developers think in terms of states: for example, you might look at this situation and say that we have a hover state and a default state. In this playground, both spinners complete 1 full rotation in 2 seconds. We should exercise great caution when disabling browser features meant to improve usability! The most fundamental and critical piece, though, is the humble CSS transition. We could scrub forwards and backwards in the video. In this episode of Syntax, Scott and Wes talk with Josh Comeau about coding with your voice, accessibility, bootcamps, animation, and more! They rely on it to let them know which element is focused. When tapping an interactive element on mobile devices, the browser will flash a "tap rectangle" on top: Notice the grey rectangle that flashes quickly? As your product evolves, you (or someone on your team) will likely wind up updating this code at some point in the future. Here's the CSS, with some stuff removed for brevity: In order to stack HTML elements, we use absolute positioning. :focus-visible is similar, but it only applies when the element is focused and the user would benefit from seeing a visual focus indicator (because they're using a keyboard to navigate, for example). Once the animation wraps up, though, that declaration kicks in and keeps the box hidden. We also strip away the default border/padding that comes with button elements. It has an equal amount of acceleration and deceleration. We don't get a single ease for the entire animation. Happily, it seems as though all of these issues have been resolved. But how exactly does it do this? You can learn more at its official website, CSS for JavaScript Developers. 4 145. What if we want to persist the animation forwards and backwards? Honestly, this feels right to me. If their mouse re-enters the element within that 300ms window, the transition never takes place. transition-delay allows us to keep things status-quo for a brief interval. Well, the declarations in the from and to blocks only apply while the animation is running. We've picked up a lot of animation properties in this lesson, and it's been a lot of typing! Keyframe animations are meant to be general and reusable. Josh W Comeau202094 8:44 This is a quick step we can perform to make our sites/apps friendlier and safer. This will play the animation backwards, going from 100% to 0%. Why not use box-shadow or border? Hey IH! This blog post is your missing manual, covering all of the most important fundamentals. It turns out that specificity isn't really the right way to think about this; instead, we need to think about cascade origins. The button, however, is stationary. Bzier curves are really nifty, but they're beyond the scope of this tutorial. Read more Building a Magical 3D Button Bet you can't click just once! In this episode of Syntax, Scott and Wes talk with Josh Comeau about coding with your voice, accessibility, bootcamps, animation, and more! by Josh Comeau Code Resources An interactive guide to keyframe animations How one of the most powerful, versatile tools in CSS works. Instead, we should focus on how the language uses those properties to calculate layouts. Here's the markup for our new setup: Before, we were using the itself as our edge layer. It's specifically tailored for JS devs. We can fix this problem by adding the following CSS property: will-change is a property that allows us to hint to the browser that we're going to animate the selected element, and that it should optimize for this case. What is their specificity? By delegating an element's rendering to the GPU, it'll consume more video memory, a resource that can be limited, especially on lower-end mobile devices. In this tutorial, we'll unpack exactly when and why React re-renders, and how we can use this information to optimize the performance of our React apps. In this post, we'll learn exactly how styled-components works by building our own mini-version. One more thing: on iOS, if the button is held down for a second, the phone will try and select the text within the button: Let's make the button unselectable, to improve this situation: With great power comes great responsibility. Let me explain. Many Git commands accept both tag and branch names, so creating this branch may cause unexpected behavior. But you should always do your own testing, to make sure that these techniques work on the devices and browsers you target. We can also add a bit of blurring, for a softer, more natural shadow: This can be accomplished with the blur filter: We're just about there, but we can do two more small things to complete the effect. In this blog post, we'll take a deep look at this property and see some of the nifty things it can do. 24 Oct 2022 15:12:20 2020 - 2020. In this episode, Josh Comeau chats about how he grew a community and reputation around CSS, and how the lessons he learned can apply to . by Josh Comeau. This is the best way to accomplish this effect, since transforms can be hardware-accelerated. Then, I map over that array and render 3 sparkles with Spring animation + random values. In this blog post, I'll share how it works, what the tradeoffs are, and how I mitigate them. The world of web animations has become a sprawling jungle of tools and technologies. The color varies between iOS and Android, but the effect is constant. The transform property is such a powerful part of the CSS language! Josh Comeau, 32 Resides in San Diego, CA Lived InEl Cajon CA, Chula Vista CA, Brighton MA, Jackson NH Related ToDale Comeau, Theresa Comeau, Kathleen Comeau, Barbara Comeau, Carlene Comeau Also known asJoshua Steven Comeau, Steven Comeau IncludesAddress(11) Phone(7) Email(9) See Results Josh Comeau, 87 Resides in Hopkinton, MA Even with a 0px value, the browser still hands it off to the GPU, since moving in 3D space is definitely a GPU strength. Transitions can make an app feel "real". By default, changes in CSS happen instantaneously. Should I use pixels or rems?. When will-change came out, it was intended to give developers a proper, semantically-meaningful way to hint to the browser that an element should be optimized. This means that the element moves at a constant pace; our circle moves by the same amount each frame. by Josh Comeau Code Samples Designing beautiful shadows in CSS If I really wanted to go the extra mile, I'd need to write some JS to disambiguate between these states. It feels so inconsistent. While the mouse is held down on the button, the :active styles will apply. Wouldn't it be neat if different elements could supply different "bounce heights"? Both layers get lighter. If you're a human, please ignore this field. The :focus pseudo-class will apply its declarations when an element is focused. Browsers have their own inscrutable logic around this stuff, and I'd rather not leave it up to chance. This problem can be solved in a rather elegant way without needing to reach for JS. The cubic-bezier timing function makes that possible! This happens because of a mathematical quirk with RGB colors. In this deep-dive tutorial, we'll learn how CSS keyframes work from the ground up, and see how to use them to build high-quality animations. As developers, it can be tempting to grab a pre-styled UI framework like Material UI or Bootstrap. Lots of devs find them confusing, for a whole host of reasons. They're the biggest obstacle on our path towards keyframe confidence. Fortunately, we can leverage another CSS filter: brightness. This is a subjective choice;you might prefer different values. View the profiles of people named Josh Comeau. CSS transitions are fundamental, but that doesn't mean they're easy. We want to move the element up, so we have to use a negative value. Here's what this curve looks like: Ultimately, Bzier curves will never look quite as lush as spring physics, but they can get pretty close with enough tinkering! The CSS in the from and to blocks is only applied while the animation is running. Our default transition, inside .front, is applied when the mouse leaves the button. We could set it up as a 3-step animation: It spends the first half of the duration growing to be 1.5x its default size. Sanity - Sponsor . will-change lets us be intentional about which elements should be hardware-accelerated. That nitpick aside, ease is awesome. In terms of how to set the translate: our shadow moves in the opposite direction from our front layer. We can instruct the browser to interpolate from one state to another with the aptly-named transition property: transition can take a number of values, but only two are required: If you plan on animating multiple properties, you can pass it a comma-separated list: transition-property takes a special value: all. I just closed down preorders, and I'm thrilled to report that the course has made over half a million dollars: This property gives our button a bit of a buffer: This is a dramatic improvement, but it's still a bit of an eyesore. It's been quite a journey, but I hope you'll agree that we've built a very satisfying button. I'll be writing more about them soon though! Ad Every action we take on the web starts with a button click, and yet most buttons are ho-hum and uninspired. For the most part, you can toss these properties in any order you want. We're saying Hide the outline, except when visibly focused. This will apply the CSS from the first block backwards in time. When the cursor wanders away, I want it to sink back to its natural position at a glacial pace. . We'll figure out how they work, and see how to build some pretty swanky animations with them. Of all the little tips and techniques I've picked up over the years about animation, spring physics remains one of the most powerful and flexible. Frustratingly, the animation-delay period doesn't count. We can use a third value, both, which persists in both directions: Personally, I wish that both was the default value. When I want to apply this animation, it's weird that I need to use a negative value. When all is specified, any CSS property that changes will be transitioned. I apply a linear gradient to the "edge" element, to make it seem like the rounded corners are reflecting less light: We're almost there let's toss a cherry onto this sundae and call it a day.

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