Emphasizes Accoltis role as a humanist historian of the Italian Middle Ages, as well as his reforms as chancellor. Field, Arthur. But New York: Abaris, 1977. Science and Civic Life in the Italian Renaissance. The invention of superiority of republics to other constitutional systems, especially Share Citation . The leading artists of this medium were Donatello, Filippo Brunelleschi, and Lorenzo Ghiberti. piece of flattery for King Mattias, his arguments for kingship still DOI: 10.4159/harvard.9780674433601Save Citation Export Citation Comprehensive study of a major English churchman and humanist who was executed for refusing to accept Henry VIIIs assertion of supremacy over the Church of England. the supposed Aristotelianism of the Florentine humanists, another St. Augustine, Alcuin, and the scholars of 12th-century Chartres have thus been referred to as humanists. Offers detailed investigations of the humanist Giovanni Caldiera and several female humanists. Notes Italian influences, religious themes, and reformist tendencies. Essays on the interpretation of the Renaissance, the ideal city, Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo Galilei and the scientific culture of the Renaissance, and magic and astrology. John Pocock (1975). Rabil, Albert, Jr., ed. Rummel, Erika. Has articles on humanism, Platonism, Aristotelianism, and the influence of humanism on vernacular literature, music, and painting. 1827d. Connell 2000 and Hankins 2000 can serve as introductions to the idea and scholarship about it, while Nederman 2000 provides a good warning about how complicated the issues connected to civic humanism really are. Aurelio Lippo Brandolini (c.14541497) in his De "displayNetworkTab": true, Translated by Brian Duvick. is then thought to be formative of the public spirit on which it Barons interpretation assumes that civic humanism has a core This is a theme common to numerous republican civic A special issue of Res Publica Litterarum with seventeen studies in Italian, English, French, and German on Perotti (b. The size of the list of pro-republican political came to cohere in a culture, i.e., an ethos infused with an Special Section: Lorenzo Valla: A Symposium. Journal of the History of Ideas 57.1 (1996): 186. London and New York: Arkana, 1990. alone does political power finally attain a form consistent with the 1540), a French humanist known for his studies of ancient law, coins, and Christianity. Donatello's David Plato in the Italian Renaissance. What did Humanists accomplish? Collected Works of Erasmus. Stinger 1985 and Rowland 1998 offer more-general surveys, while Celenza 1999 translates an interesting text. It is more interested in Petrarchs life than in scholarly debates about his role in humanism. Study, not yet superseded, of the life and works of a cardinal and humanist. Grendler, Paul F., ed. Ciceronian Controversies. A psychological portrait stressing Calvins humanist tendencies. Edited by Christopher S. Celenza and Kenneth Gouwens, 295325. of the commonwealth is the realization of human potentiality, creative tension that was the source of Roman liberty. Godman, Peter. 2 vols. Dost, Timothy P. Renaissance Humanism in Support of the Gospel in Luthers Early Correspondence: Taking All Things Captive. While Salutati was the most important early leader of Florentine humanists, Witt also emphasizes medieval and religious tendencies in his thought. 3 vols. Edited with introduction and commentary by Lucia A. Ciapponi. The Scope of Renaissance Humanism. Discorsi (Discourses; c. 15141519). central theme shared by Il principe and the Discorsi 2 vols. 19602011) is a learned extension of his research. The "city" provides the environmenta public spacefor human fulfillment. Allen, Michael J. 1304d. conception of republicanism invites us, in turn, say the same about The Praise of Pleasure: Philosophy, Education, and Communism in Mores Utopia. Reynolds and Wilson 2013 is a good starting survey for students and beginning researchers, while Bracciolini 1974 illustrates the excitement of the search for manuscripts. Witt, Ronald, John N. Najemy, Craig Kallendorf, and Werner Gundersheimer. theorists sometimes refer to writings by historically antecedent that defends a concept of freedom as non-domination, and identifies 1988) articulated a new interpretation of Renaissance humanism that he called civic humanism. According to Baron, humanism developed in two stages: in the 14th century it was scholarly and literary, and in the early 15th century it became civic. Garin, Eugenio. Codro e lumanesimo a Bologna. Originally published in 1950. Also available in paperback from the University of Notre Dame Press, 1995. Pico della Mirandola 1965 provides English translations of three of Picos works. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998. Since the particularity of royal regimes runs afoul of the contemporary republican philosophers look for ideas and inspiration.) for this article. government. OMalley, John W. Praise and Blame in Renaissance Rome: Rhetoric, Doctrine, and Reform in the Sacred Orators of the Papal Court, c.14501521. adverse to modification of the virtues associated with civic 1460) was a major humanist teacher and scholar with wide influence. the king himself, in which every conventional rationale for the of political forms and phenomena. Argues that Petrarch was the father of humanism and then surveys the themes and works of all major Italian humanists and themes of the 15th century, followed by brief discussions of the influence of Italian humanism on Germany, France, and England. Wilcox, Donald J. In Il principe, he remarks that a prince worldly values and embracing the active life in a manner evocative of of whether or not Brandolini wrote De comparatione merely as Moeller 1982 offers a comprehensive answer. Excellent brief introduction to the major works of Erasmus. licenses Italian thinkers to apply its language to an extensive range Turin, Italy: Bollati Boringhieri, 1987. commendable are not conceived as formal frames of individual life DOI: 10.4159/harvard.9780674330320Save Citation Export Citation believe that civic humanism derives from classical republicanism of Valla demonstrated his brilliant rhetorical and philological expertise in proving that the Donation of Constantine, which awarded political authority over the Western Empire (and by extension, Europe) to the pope, was a medieval forgery rather than an authentic work of Emperor Constantine the Great (ruled 306337). Poggio Bracciolini (b.c.1380d. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511522703Save Citation Export Citation DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511562525Save Citation Export Citation 4 (Utopia) is particularly good. imperii Romani (On the Origin and Authority of the Roman Arguably, nothing about Brunis position is inherently more This edition of his letters, which he always wrote in Latin, shows how Guarini viewed humanism, his pedagogical principles, and his relations with princes, parents, and former students. The Poet as Philosopher: Petrarch and the Formation of Renaissance Consciousness. the ruler is charged with upholding. Leiden, The Netherlands, and Boston: Brill, 2000. As of January 2017 it listed more than 1,400,000 entries, with new entries added daily. Astrology in the Renaissance: Zodiac of Life. Turin, Italy: Bottega dErasmo, 1969. Letters of Vergerio, who wrote a widely read treatise on humanistic education. In Praise of Aeneas: Virgil and Epideictic Rhetoric in the Early Italian Renaissance. Humanistic and Political Literature in Florence and Venice at the Beginning of the Quattrocentro: Studies in Criticism and Chronology. Study of the writings and career of Filelfo (b. His Kallendorf, Craig, 1996, The Historical Petrarch. prodigious author and translator, composing a multi-volume history of As these kingdoms Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1998. In Humanism was the major intellectual movement of the Renaissance. Nieuwkoop, The Netherlands: De Graaf, 1989. And by who? Surveys the sharp debates between humanists and Scholastic theologians, beginning in Italy and passing to Germany between roughly 1450 and 1550. Wilcox 1969 studies Florentine humanistic history writing in the 15th century, while Zimmermann 1995 and McCuaig 1989 study two important 16th-century historians. Renaissance Republicanism, , 2016, Polybius as Monarchist? series of civil wars in which various men contended for power. Naples, Italy: Istituto Italiano per gli Studi Storici, 1955. Forty-one essays by recognized authorities, each with bibliography, about humanism across Europe and specific themes. The article analyzes the writings of principal humanists such as Leonardo Bruni, Poggio Bracciolini, and Francesco Filelfo, showing that Hans Baron's republican "civic humanism " was compatible with different constitutional forms and different distributions of power. Edited by Donald W. Rude. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1967. In this sense the term can also be used self-consciously, as in the New Humanism movement in literary criticism led by Irving Babbitt and Paul Elmer More in the early 20th century. The Humanitas meant the development of human virtue, in all its forms, to its fullest extent. Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam (b. thesis use all of these confluences of civic humanism and Humanitas called for a fine balance of action and contemplation, a balance born not of compromise but of complementarity. Guarino da Verona (b. a unique or isolated event. promoted the civic vita activa rather than the literary and Spitz 1957 studies the first important German humanist, and Spitz 1963 extends the analysis to others; Spitz 1996 surveys broader issues. theorists writing before 1402 could be multiplied many times over. and various civic humanists already discussed. And some simply assert that no accord is possible. DOI: 10.4159/harvard.9780674435995Save Citation Export Citation 6 vols. 1401d. Douglas, Richard M. Jacopo Sadoleto, 14771547: Humanist and Reformer. New York: Columbia University Press, 1974. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1963. Florence: Felice le Monnier, 1937. Excellent critical edition with English translations from Latin when necessary, prepared by a distinguished team of scholars. Available online through libraries or by individual subscription. 1478d. Spitz, Lewis W. Luther and German Humanism. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992. 1552), who wrote a very influential history of his own era, as well as other works. The Catalogus Translationum (Kristeller, et al. educational ideal of classical inspiration, and accompanied by renewed Di Napoli, Giovanni. antithetical to the medieval past. DOI: 10.3138/9781442674578Save Citation Export Citation Share Citation . Machiavelli was deeply involved in governing the republic dependent upon whether or not he is a usurper. Hence, scholars have studied humanistic primary rhetoric (speech or oratory) and secondary rhetoric (written words, especially letters and other prose treatises) extensively. Edited by Richard S. Sylvester, Craig R. Thompson, Edward Surtz, et al. Like Ascham 1967, the book was often reprinted. Ianziti, Gary. tract. Less often recognized is that he wrote An interesting essay arguing that while there is a continuity in republicanism from antiquity through the Middle Ages to the Renaissance, republicanism in each period was heterogeneous, producing a diversity of approaches coexisting within an uneasy tension (p. 248). A comprehensive but not particularly sympathetic biography of More that notes his harsh attitude toward heretics. The pioneering historian of humanism was Georg Voigt (b. All volumes have extensive historical introductions that provide much information about England and English humanism. Marius, Richard. their office by right. 1464), a Florentine chancellor and humanist. Kristeller, Paul Oskar, F. Edward Kranz, Virginia Brown, James Hankins, and Robert A. Kaster, eds. 1433d. Published by the Renaissance Society of America. apprehend the truth that the prince seeks to conceal. Petrarch (b. By contrast, Witt 2000 evicts Petrarch from his position of father of humanism.. the form of a revived Aristotelian science of virtue as Reynolds, L.D., and N.G. Wilson. As Renaissance Thought II: Papers on Humanism and the Arts. Your current browser may not support copying via this button. Taken on its face, Pococks Civic humanism is one of the more interesting and important concepts in Renaissance studies, in part because of its unusually long afterlife, and in part because almost everything pertaining to it is controversial. approaches, if he does not explicitly endorse, a conception of While there is no article on humanism per se, the majority of the 211 articles are relevant for major themes and individuals in humanism. The purpose source for Florences mild and peaceful relations with other An annual volume that focuses on early Italian humanism and late medieval scholarship. Watts, Pauline Moffitt. The Philosophy of Marsilio Ficino. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Raimondi, Ezio. In De ortu, he points out that the creation of a king was not Study of Polydore Vergil (b. Donatello became renowned as the greatest sculptor of the Early Renaissance, known especially for his classical, and unusually erotic, statue of David, which became one of the icons of the Florentine republic. estimable manifestation of republican and patriotic collective Erasmo in Italia, 15201580. Melanchthon between Renaissance and Reformation: From Exegesis to Political Action. In Melanchthon in Europe: His Work and Influence beyond Wittenberg. 1920, English Puritans, Quakers, Dissenters, and Recusants, Japan and Europe: the Christian Century, 1549-1650, Monarchy in Renaissance and Reformation Europe, Female, Netherlands (Dutch Revolt/ Dutch Republic), The, Platonism, Neoplatonism, and the Hermetic Tradition, Reformation and Hussite Revolution, Czech, Reformation and Wars of Religion in France, The, Reformations and Revolt in the Netherlands, 15001621. In the Pocockean version of republicanism, civic Consequently, it was entirely wrong for private citizens to slay Students and scholars seeking basic information may start with the articles on humanism in Grendler 1999, all of which offer reliable information and basic bibliographies. Baron 1955a and Baron 1955b articulate the basic argument, while Baron 1968 and Baron 1988 add important elements. claim that the Milan crisis of 1402 gave birth to civic humanism in Ficinos wide correspondence reveals many aspects of his scholarship, influence, and contacts with other scholars and humanists. Any the explicitly millenarian exaltation of the leader of Salman Rushdie. For obvious reasons, however, it is confusing to apply this word to Classical literature. Salutati thus 1512 coup against the regime engineered by the Medici family cost him Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 1989. It is not morally Guarini (Guarino da Verona). Back issues are available online through several subscription services. 1459d. Classical philosophy, rhetoric, and history were seen as models of proper methodefforts to come to terms, systematically and without preconceptions of any kind, with perceived experience. Their interests are simply Civic humanism provided the vital vehicle for the translation of the Moeller, Bernd. sometimes vicious means by which he must rule. As with many of the authors previously the republic requires widespread civic virtue, i.e., the active rebirth of ancient letters and wisdom (studia Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1979. As such it was Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1959. DOI: 10.4159/harvard.9780674435957Save Citation Export Citation scholarly effort has been directed toward attempting to reconcile understanding of time. first is despotism, especially as manifested in any form of one-man surveyed, such a position would seem wholly incompatible with civic Rome: Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura, 1971. Ianziti 2012 offers a detailed study of the most important historian of the early Renaissance. Roman humanists emphasized the links and continuity between ancient Rome and papal Rome. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. Bentley 1983 looks at three key developments, while the articles in Rummel 2008 chronicle some of the bitter fights between humanists and Scholastics. Study of Bud (b.c.1467d. Spitz, Lewis W. Conrad Celtis, the German Arch-Humanist. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 19602011. that he embraced wholeheartedly as a liberating, civilizing, Emphasizes the Roman humanist themes, including Ciceronian Latin style and humanistic theology, from the 1480s to 1527. Bernstein 1983 offers an excellent introduction to German humanism as a whole. both theory and practice, with Bruni as its exemplary exponent.) Grendler, Paul F. Georg Voigt: Historian of Humanism. In Humanism and Creativity in the Renaissance: Essays in Honor of Ronald G. Witt. Indeed, Salutati maintains that Edited by James Hankins, 1429. Oxford Studies in Historical Theology. Jenkins, Allan K., and Patrick Preston. Toronto and Buffalo, NY: University of Toronto Press, 1974. Specifically, "shouldUseHypothesis": true, 1437) chronicling his successes and failures. Nauert, Charles G., Jr. Humanism and the Culture of Renaissance Europe. 1444), the chancellor of Florence, joined their classical scholarship to a defense of liberty. source for them. 7 vols. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968. Wilson 1992 provides an overview of this migration, and Monfasani 1976 studies an important Greek emigr scholar. 7 vols. Despite its age, this is still a standard work on Pico. Traces Erasmuss development as a New Testament scholar in the midst of controversy. are valid reasons that one should stand prepared to countenance Part 2 (pp. administrative posts by the papacy. Kristeller, Paul Oskar. an instance of an exemplary mode of communal existence. The works in this section offer a sampling of studies on individual Italian humanists. Latin text and English translation. who argue that wicked princes ought to be killed even when they hold working in a similar vein, is perfectly captured in the accounts of nobility, to the extent that a ruler may reasonably consider English translation originally published in 1972. I Tatti Studies in Italian Renaissance History. The Florentine republic especially as propounded in Florence, reflects a pronounced shift from Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1991. Ironically, in Pococks adaptation of Barons thesis, Polydore Vergil: Renaissance Historian and Man of Letters. Good introductory survey. 1568) was a humanist scholar and tutor to Princess (later Queen) Elizabeth. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001. 2004), professor of the history of philosophy at the University of Florence and the Scuola Normale Superiore in Pisa, argued that humanism was a broad philosophy of life. Garin, Eugenio. office authorized by the Roman people. In the 20th century the pragmatic humanism of Ferdinand C.S. Then the manuscripts needed to be copied, edited, and diffused, tasks that became easier after the invention of printing. subject to him may invoke the Roman law principle that it is Examines the roles and views of Neapolitan humanists, especially Giovanni Pontano (b. Translated by Michael J. Does civic humanism predicate a commitment to the republic as we understand the term today, or only to active political engagement in general? cold-blooded murder as one of his tools. harmonization among the classes. monarchies, is proposed and examined, only to be decimated. nobles and the masses from warring against one another. Edited and translated by H.C. Erik Midelfort and Mark U. Edwards Jr. Durham, NC: Labyrinth, 1982. Share Citation . Surveys the rediscovery and growing influence of classical Greek learning in Italy from the 14th century to the beginning of the 16th century. circumstances dictated or allowed. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1989. DElia, Anthony F. The Renaissance of Marriage in Fifteenth-Century Italy. The link was not copied. aim of its original authorization. Of more immediate interest, at the beginning Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 1982. Many of the cities of engagement of citizens united by a concern for the common good. Baron's new term was created to illustrate what he understood to have been a pivotal period of transformation in Western thinking. According to Salutati, the appropriate treatment of a tyrant is wholly Chancellor of the Florentine republic. In Search of Florentine Civic Humanism: Essays on the Transition from Medieval to Modern Thought. (Recall a central feature Ianziti, Gary. - 4419344 Fundamental study first published as a single volume in 1937 and subsequently expanded. As an effective means of moving leaders or fellow citizens toward one political course or another, eloquence was akin to pure power. Starkey (b.c.1495d. Bentley, Jerry H. Humanists and Holy Writ: New Testament Scholarship in the Renaissance. Introduction, Latin text, and English translation of a humanist treatise on the papal Curia, written in 1438. Ficino, Marsilio. fifteenth-century Italy were in fact governed by individuals who were Roman and Iberian Inquisitions, Censorship and the Index i Royal Regencies in Renaissance and Reformation Europe, 140 Scholasticism and Aristotelianism: Fourteenth to Seventeen Sidney Herbert, Mary, Countess of Pembroke, Women and Work: Fourteenth to Seventeenth Centuries. According to Baron, numerous civic humanist theorists emphasized that The ultimate iconoclast, Valla attacked traditional ideas in scholarship, history, and religion. Two Renaissance Book Hunters: The Letters of Poggius Bracciolini to Nicolaus de Niccolis. Eight Philosophers of the Italian Renaissance. liberty achievable only in and through the community. An attempt to destroy Hebrew books, which humanists defended as important for the correct interpretation of the Bible, became a struggle between humanists and Scholastics between 1509 and 1520. Bracciolini, Poggius. Fascinating combination of biography and historiography. thinkers who emerged during the period of the Italian Renaissance, Kristeller 1965 and Kristeller 1979 offer synoptic treatments of his understanding of humanism, while Kristeller 19561996 provides many concrete examples of his scholarship on particular topics. Humanism in Rome differed from Florentine humanism.

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