Modern global warming is the result of an increase in magnitude of the so-called greenhouse effect, a warming of Earths surface and lower atmosphere caused by the presence of water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxides, and other greenhouse gases. In the face of higher sea levels and more intense storms, coastal communities face greater risk of rapid beach erosion from destructive storms like the intense noreaster of April 2007 that caused this damage. Blue areas have low amounts, while yellow regions are rich in anthropogenic carbon dioxide. /InlineShape /Sect /Subtype /Type0 1 0 obj The transparent halo known as the solar corona changes between solar maximum (left) and solar minimum (right). Water vapor is a strong greenhouse gas. The Reality of Global Warming Assignment The issue of global warming has resulted in some dire prognostications for the future. The impact of increased surface temperatures is significant in itself. Hotter summers and more frequent fires will lead to more cases of heat stroke and deaths, and to higher levels of near-surface ozone and smoke, which would cause more code red air quality days. Since the Industrial Revolution began in about 1750, carbon dioxide levels have increased nearly 38 percent as of 2009 and methane levels have increased 148 percent. << /Subtype /Link /F2 34 0 R deck. An assessment of the relative impact and risks connected with global warming. Changes to one part of the climate system can cause additional changes to the way the planet absorbs or reflects energy. Will that trend hold as temperatures continue to warm? >> /URI (https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Umair-Shahzad?enrichId=rgreq-fdcc6b3bc8c25eb57a05e0347d240073-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzMxNjY5MTIzOTtBUzo0OTA2OTEwNTU4ODYzMzZAMTQ5NDAwMTI3MjM0MA%3D%3D&el=1_x_5&_esc=publicationCoverPdf) Conduct research using a variety of primary sources to explore perspectives in the global warming . /ExtGState << /Rect [66.258347 578.5769 109.326271 592.49115] endobj endstream This implies that the Suns impact between 2005 and 2010 might have been to slightly decrease the warming that greenhouse emissions alone would have caused. /GS38 54 0 R The growing season in parts of the Northern Hemisphere became two weeks longer in the second half of the 20th century. /Type /Font /Count 8 Warming modifies rainfall patterns, amplifies coastal erosion, lengthens the growing season in some regions, melts ice caps and glaciers, and alters the ranges of some infectious diseases. >> This image shows the Western Hemisphere in the thermal infrared. The rate of global warming accelerated in the past 6-7 years (Fig. The CO2 or greenhouse gases get trapped within the atmosphere. /F 4 Sketch on the graph below how the volume of a gas changes as the number of moles of gas is increased. Poor countries and communities with limited abilities to adapt to these changes are expected to suffer disproportionately. The question that scientists ask is, how much water vapor will be in the atmosphere in a warming world? The same small change in temperature, however, would reduce food production at lower latitudes, where many countries already face food shortages. Global Warming. How natural and anthropogenic influences alter global and regional surface temperatures: 1889 to 2006. 5 0 obj /F 4 Using this ancient evidence, scientists have built a record of Earths past climates, or paleoclimates. The paleoclimate record combined with global models shows past ice ages as well as periods even warmer than today. >> 3 C rise in global temperature will lead to submergence of many low lying coastal wetlands due to rise in sea levels. /CS /DeviceRGB /F6 69 0 R However, the concept of global warming is quite controversial but the scientists have . Roughly 30 percent of incoming sunlight is reflected back into space by bright surfaces like clouds and ice. stream 224 0 R 237 0 R 225 0 R 226 0 R 227 0 R 238 0 R 228 0 R 229 0 R 230 0 R 231 0 R /F5 37 0 R /CS /DeviceRGB 5 [183 0 R 184 0 R 185 0 R 186 0 R 187 0 R 188 0 R 189 0 R 190 0 R 191 0 R] /K [111 0 R 112 0 R 113 0 R 114 0 R 115 0 R 116 0 R 331 0 R 117 0 R 118 0 R 119 0 R Increases in greenhouse gasesi.e., trace gases such as carbon dioxide and methane that absorb heat energy emitted from Earths surface and reradiate it backgenerated by industry and transportation cause the atmosphere to retain more heat, which increases temperatures and alters precipitation patterns. More from Minh Tran. >> 11 [241 0 R 242 0 R 243 0 R 244 0 R 245 0 R 246 0 R 247 0 R 248 0 R 249 0 R 250 0 R Increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and warming temperatures are causing changes in the Earths natural carbon cycle that also can feedback on atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. Another cause of global warming is greenhouse gases. >> >> /Type /Pages In 2014 the IPCC first reported that concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxides in the atmosphere surpassed those found in ice cores dating back 800,000 years. /Image5 32 0 R }mSXVa- C7.>G_o?Lgqm]Zf'\]#RS?tiAo:0(PRKrU^]P,dLiK;b@!1>k]xG9rz"+r3O<=Lru[ b ]1;V Rh&zJ>?>]tac^*g1Xu"xM(T6|Z #Sl. The Threat of Global Warming. 97. By the beginning of the 21st century, Earths temperature was roughly 0.5 degrees Celsius above the long-term (19511980) average. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. >> Atmosphere /S /URI Global warming is the unusually rapid increase in Earths average surface temperature over the past century primarily due to the greenhouse gases released by people burning fossil fuels. /Parent 2 0 R /Resources << Updates Changelog News Twitter Facebook. Climatic variation since the last glaciation, The influences of human activity on climate, Feedback mechanisms and climate sensitivity, Environmental consequences of global warming, Socioeconomic consequences of global warming, The UN Framework Convention and the Kyoto Protocol, The Paris Agreement and future climate-change policy, https://www.britannica.com/science/global-warming, NOAA Climate.gov - Climate Change: Global Temperature, American Institute of Physics - The discovery of global warming, global warming - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), global warming - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). >> /Type /Action Study the table below and answer the questions that follow . % Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and ozone trap the incoming radiation from the sun. The rising tide: assessing the risks of climate change and human settlements in low elevation coastal zones. /Resources << Five categories are assessed. /Type /Action Find data that represents the particular phenomenon (10 points). They are produced by activities such as cutting down forests and burning fossil fuels. endobj Such damage would include increased extinction of many plant and animal species, shifts in patterns of agriculture, and rising sea levels. >> Effects of solar cycle variability on the lower stratosphere and the troposphere. /Tabs /S Earth has experienced climate change in the past without help from humanity. Made with Slides.com. /Type /Annot When the Suns energy is at its peak (solar maxima), temperatures in both the lower atmosphere (troposphere) and the upper atmosphere (stratosphere) become warmer. /Subtype /Type0 As a result, human activity overshadows any contribution volcanoes may have made to recent global warming. Clouds, like greenhouse gases, also absorb and re-emit infrared energy. >> Global warming has become one of the major problems in the continent today. By tunisianteacher. These clouds trap (absorb) energy coming from the lower atmosphere, and emit little energy to space because of their frigid temperatures. /LJ 0 /F6 22 0 R (Photograph 2006 Tigresblanco.). Think about the causes of global warming and its effects on the environment, where global warming is located, and how the problem of /Image102 68 0 R /Annots [70 0 R 71 0 R 72 0 R 73 0 R 74 0 R 75 0 R 76 0 R 77 0 R 78 0 R 79 0 R This means that plants need more water to keep growing throughout the season or they will dry out, increasing the risk of failed crops and wildfires. (Graph by Robert Simmon, based on data from Remote Sensing Systems, sponsored by the NOAA Climate and Global Change Program.). (Map adapted from Sabine et al., 2004.). /Type /Annot By burning fossil fuels, people release in excess of 100 times more, about 26 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide, into the atmosphere every year (as of 2005). global aging and african divergence PowerPoint Presentation. We know about past climates because of evidence left in tree rings, layers of ice in glaciers, ocean sediments, coral reefs, and layers of sedimentary rocks. Where does global warming affect polar bears? TOPIC: Thesis on Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming Assignment Global warming is related to the greenhouse effect, however, because the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have been increasing in the last decade, and that means the heat from the sun, radiating back to Earth as the greenhouse effect, is becoming warmer, leading to climate change and disruption of many areas here on Earth. endobj Essay, Pages 3 (636 words) Views. Although some of the uncertainty in climate forecasts comes from imperfect knowledge of climate feedbacks, the most significant source of uncertainty in these predictions is that scientists dont know what choices people will make to control greenhouse gas emissions. Stippled areas reveal where more than 90 percent of the models agreed. Every paragraph on global warming essays should explain a different point. In some ecosystems, maximum daily temperatures might climb beyond the tolerance of indigenous plant or animal. /Tabs /S Warming temperatures are already melting a growing percentage of Arctic sea ice, exposing dark ocean water during the perpetual sunlight of summer. For this assignment, you will study global climate change and the science concepts people (children and adults) need to understand the issue. /F1 33 0 R One inevitable consequence of global warming is sea-level rise. For example, two major volcanic eruptions, El Chichon in 1982 and Pinatubo in 1991, pumped sulfur dioxide gas high into the atmosphere. /StructParents 0 In the past 125 years, the glacier has lost half its volume and has retreated more than 1.5 kilometers. By experimenting with the modelsremoving greenhouse gases emitted by the burning of fossil fuels or changing the intensity of the Sun to see how each influences the climatescientists use the models to better understand Earths current climate and to predict future climate. These secondary changes are called climate feedbacks, and they could more than double the amount of warming caused by carbon dioxide alone. These natural causes are still in play today, but their influence is too small or they occur too slowly to explain the rapid warming seen in recent decades. Current civilizationagriculture and population distributionhas developed based on the current climate. >> Satellite measurements show warming in the troposphere (lower atmosphere, green line) but cooling in the stratosphere (upper atmosphere, red line). /Encoding /Identity-H Global warming is the increase of average world temperatures as a result of what is known as the greenhouse effect. By hurrimark. Migrating animals have to start seeking food sources earlier. These data indicate that Earths climate has changed over almost every conceivable timescale since the beginning of geologic time and that human activities since at least the beginning of the Industrial Revolution have a growing influence over the pace and extent of present-day climate change. << This article provides an overview of the scientific background and public policy debate related to the subject of global warming. (Photograph 2005 Hugh Saxby.). Earth has experienced climate change in the past without help from humanity. >> /MediaBox [0 0 595.44 841.68] >> Certain gases in the atmosphere resemble glass in a greenhouse, allowing sunlight to pass into the 'greenhouse,' but blocking Earth's heat from escaping into space. Scientists integrate these measurements into climate models to recreate temperatures recorded over the past 150 years. A biographical sketch of Milutin Milankovitch describes how changes in Earths orbit affects its climate. If the melting accelerates, the increase in sea level could be significantly higher. /Kids [5 0 R 6 0 R 7 0 R 8 0 R 9 0 R 10 0 R 11 0 R 12 0 R] /Textbox /Sect Global warming will shift major climate patterns, possibly prolonging and intensifying the current drought in the U.S. Southwest. >> /F2 34 0 R (2007). Foucal, P., Frlich, C., Spruit, H., and Wigley, T. (2006). (NASA Astronaut Photograph STS31-E-9552 courtesy Johnson space Center Earth Observations Lab.). Natural influences on temperatureEl Nio, solar variability, and volcanic aerosolshave varied approximately plus and minus 0.2 C (0.4 F), (averaging to about zero), while human influences have contributed roughly 0.8 C (1 F) of warming since 1889. >> An IPCC special report produced in 2018 noted that human beings and their activities have been responsible for a worldwide average temperature increase between 0.8 and 1.2 C (1.4 and 2.2 F) since preindustrial times, and most of the warming over the second half of the 20th century could be attributed to human activities. Water, Atmosphere /Header /Sect 1 If you think you can solve the problem, remember to send it to Virgin Air CEO Richard Branson, who is offering 25 million dollars for the best proposed solution. /LW 1 /Tabs /S /Image5 32 0 R (2010, February 12). /Type /Action The publication 'Scientific American' in June 2003 reports: "Greenhouse skeptics, pro-industry groups and political conservatives have seized on the results, proclaiming that the science of climate change is inconclusive and that agreements such as the Kyoto . A vigorous debate is in progress over the extent and seriousness of rising surface temperatures, the effects of past and future warming on human life, and the need for action to reduce future warming and deal with its consequences. /S /Transparency Climate Change 2007: Climate Change Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability Summary for Policymakers. Global Warming refers to the increase in the average temperature of the earth's surface during the last century. Study the effects of increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide on Earth's atmosphere and plant life. /F4 36 0 R Why Do Scientists Think Current Warming Isnt Natural? 12 0 obj >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] 25 317 0 R 26 318 0 R 27 318 0 R 28 319 0 R 29 320 0 R <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Climate Change Science Program. /Image61 66 0 R Global warming is the increase of average world temperatures as a result of what is known as the greenhouse effect. >cPl{ 7xuvWWG G8Wnl,e)"BVJK']8}^p;Qr' [pF=')_0 Q',c&fgq@ d+>uVE@ ='Ji@

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